Rapid Essay Researchers We offer fast essays with the best content
SAMPLE ESSAYS
journal -content– The article https://pccc.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-755047-dt-content-rid-2135630_1/xid-2135630_1 .Because you are reading an in-depth article for this journal, I expect that your response will be more detailed. It should be at least 500 words, and provide specific details related to the questions (see journal for directions). Also, please be clear that you can quote or paraphrase from the article (actually you will need to) but you MUST cite the articleNow that you have read the article, On the Same Page, what concerns would you have if you got a job in a co-teaching classroom? Choose 2 strategies that the article suggests that you think you would use to help you create a successful experience in a co-teaching classroom. Discuss which of the 6 co-teaching models appealed to you most and why.
...
Read More
Read More
MED 210: Endocrine System and Mammary Gland -content– MED 210: Endocrine System and Mammary Gland ASSIGNMENT: Autoimmune Disorders of Endocrine System LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Define autoimmunity A misdirected immune response that occurs when the immune system goes awry and attacks the body itself. Autoimmunity is present to some extent in everyone and is usually harmless. However, it can cause a broad range of human illnesses, known collectively as autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when there is progression from benign autoimmunity to pathogenic autoimmunity. This progression is determined by genetic influences as well as environmental triggers. Autoimmunity is evidenced by the presence of autoantibodies and T cells that are reactive with host antigens. 2. Explain the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases A common feature of all autoimmune diseases is the presence of autoantibodies, which are an important factor in the diagnosis or classification of the autoimmune disease. Due to the chronic nature of most autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies appear long before clinical symptoms, providing a good predictive marker for the potential to develop disease. Autoantibodies can induce damage to the body by binding to self-tissues, activating the complement cascade and inducing lysis and/or removal of cells by phagocytic immune cells. This occurs in certain forms of haemolytic anaemia when autoantibodies bind to red blood cell surface antigens inducing lysis of red blood cells. Autoantibodies can also interact with cell-surface receptors, altering their function. Autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor block transmission at the neuromuscular junction resulting in myasthenia gravis, while autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor block thyroid cell stimulation resulting in Graves’ disease. Self-antigen, autoantibodies and complement can combine to form injurious immune complexes that deposit in vessels or joints as is observed in lupus, inflammatory heart disease and arthritis. o CELL MEDIATED DAMAGE: Damage induced by cells of the immune system play a major pathogenic role in many autoimmune diseases. The predominant infiltrating cells include phagocytic macrophages, neutrophils, self-reactive CD4+ T helper cells and self-reactive CD8+ cytolytic T cells, with smaller numbers of natural killer cells, mast cells and dendritic cells. Immune cells damage tissues directly by killing cells or indirectly by releasing cytotoxic cytokines, prostaglandins, reactive nitrogen or oxygen intermediates. Tissue macrophages and monocytes can act as antigen-presenting cells to initiate an autoimmune response, or as effector cells once an immune response has been initiated. Macrophages act as killer cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and by secreting cytokines, such as TNF or IL-1, which act as protein signals between cells. Macrophages and neutrophils damage tissues by releasing highly cytotoxic proteins like nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Cytokines and other mediators released by macrophages recruit other inflammatory cells, like neutrophils and T cells, to the site of inflammation. CD4+ T cells have been classified as TH1 or TH2 cells depending on the release of the cytokines IFN-g or IL-4, respectively. IFN-g is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with many organ-specific autoimmune diseases like type I diabetes and thyroiditis, while IL-4 activates B cells to produce antibodies and is associated with autoantibody/immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases like lupus and arthritis. Suppressor or regulatory T-cell populations, including activated CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells, exist in peripheral tissues and are important in controlling inflammation and autoimmune responses by killing autoreactive cells. These regulatory cells also secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-b that further inhibit TH1 immune responses, thereby reducing inflammation and autoimmune disease. If regulation of self-reactive T-cells and autoantibody production by regulatory T-cell populations is disrupted by environmental agents like infections or toxins, then chronic autoimmune disease may result o TOLERANCE Mechanisms of self-tolerance, defined as a state of non-responsiveness to self, can be divided into central and peripheral tolerance. In central tolerance, immature B cells and T cells that recognize self-antigens with high affinity die by apoptosis. In peripheral tolerance, mature self-reactive lymphocytes are inactivated, killed or turned off by regulatory mechanisms including functional anergy, ignorance and suppression by regulatory T cells. Defects in tolerance leading to autoimmune disease may occur in one or multiple tolerance mechanisms. For example, changes in the apoptotic cell death process, resulting in inappropriate cell death or survival or disturbances in clearing apoptotic cells, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. o INNATE IMMUNITY Activation of the innate immune system is essential for the development of a protective adaptive immune response against infection and for the development of autoimmune disease. Innate immune cells produce responses to particular classes of pathogens via pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as Toll-like receptors (TLR). Interaction of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) on microorganisms with PRR on antigen-presenting cells (APC) like macrophages and dendritic cells results in the up-regulation of surface molecules essential for antigen presentation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Microbial components of adjuvants, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the mycobacteria in complete Freund’s adjuvant, activate the innate immune response when administered with self-antigens resulting in autoimmune disease in animal models such as collagen-induced arthritis or cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis. Inoculation of adjuvants without self-antigen does not usually result in the development of autoimmune disease. Microorganisms not only stimulate the immune response by stimulating PRR like TLR2 and TLR4, but also provide self-antigens to the immune system by damaging tissues, both of which are necessary for the development of autoimmune disease in animal models. Recent studies in animal models have demonstrated that stimulating the innate immune response is critical for the later development of autoimmune disease. Thus, exposure to environmental agents that alter or influence the innate immune response may increase the risk of developing an autoimmune disease in genetically susceptible individuals o PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES Another pathogenic mechanism common to autoimmune diseases is the increased production of the cytokines TNF and IL-1b. These proinflammatory cytokines are produced during the innate and adaptive immune response and act in a long-range endocrine manner, affecting immune cells far removed from the site of infection or inoculation. 3. List the different autoimmune diseases of endocrine system with examples 4. List the autoantibody responsible in each autoimmune disorder of endocrine system (refer to table above) Resources: 1. Warren Levinson, Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology 13thed. McGrawHill 2014, ISBN-13: 978-0071818117, Chapter 66,P 550 – 559. 2. Ananthanarayan R, Jayaram Paniker, C.K. Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s Textbook of Microbiology 9th ed. Universities Press; 2010. ISBN-13: 978-8173716744, Chapter 18,P 178 – 183. 3. http://www.roitt.com/elspdf/autoimmune_disease_mechanisms.pdf 4. http://clinicalgate.com/endocrine-disease-2/
...
Read More
Read More
Persuading others to learn outside of the typical classroom. -content– This is a persuasive paper and describe how volunteering is helpful for my growth. IMPORTANT: Think of some personal anecdotes and follow the outline carefully. ALSOO!! Need 2 to 3 sources to show the percentage of students students in America who do volunteer and how it changed them! Also need quotations! All the instruction is in the OUTLINE! So see the outline for more details and carefully follow it. Also, see the prewriting for hints. Clear thesis needed in the first paragraph. Each body paragraph can be short but need to be clear. Show how different my volunteer in America is from what I learned in China. Show the contrast. Paper Assignment #1 Persuading others to learn outside of the typical classroom. In this paper, you will attempt to convince your reader that they should gain one particular kind of real life experience in order to understand their book lessons better. You will be persuading other students that experiential learning is worthwhile by using both personal anecdotes as well as data from research. Clear and personal examples of your own success in one specific form of life experience is a must. Use a past experience that you feel has taught you life lessons to persuade others to get out of the classroom in order to learn. Imagine that you have met a group of students who believe that reading books at home or studying in the classroom alone is the way to succeed academically. You have heard that many of them doubt the advantages of studying abroad, of travel, of community volunteering or any other great learning experience you’ve had. Your paper should reveal yourself as a global citizen, expand on your own ideas regarding the advantages of getting out of the classroom and into the world. You should generally try to convince other students to follow in your footsteps. The paper should be 5 pages minimum in length, have a clear introductory paragraph, comprehensive thesis statement, include both scholarly data and personal narrative to support each advantage, and a persuasive conclusion. All data should be cited properly using APA citation style. This should not be a comparison/ contrast paper. Your essay should not be an informal personal letter to other students, but an example of the American formal academic essay style. Remember to keep the persuasive focus by expanding on the benefits of your chosen experience. Format: Double-spaced Times New Roman 12 point font 1 inch margins 0.5 inch indents No space between paragraphs For more information on APAFormatting, go to: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
...
Read More
Read More
Civil Disobedience -content– DescriptionEssay Paper Assignment On Civil Disobedience From Chapter 15: “Letter From a Birmingham Jail”, by Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.Explain King’s argument and main points in some detail.In doing so, cite direct quotes from the readings throughout the textbook that pertain to Dr. King’s message. Go beyond the philosophers that King mentions by name.Why is he quoting/referencing these earlier philosophers that we’ve studied? In doing so, explain their significance.Explain the overall concept of ‘Civil Disobedience’ and its importance in a democratic, free society. Do so incorporating the readings on Thoreau (address Question 9 on page 348) and Gandhi. Question 9: Thoreau asks us “Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?” How would Aquinas? And what would Aristotle say?Format: 1000 word minimum You may use the citation style that you prefer Your sources should only be the textbook and possibly lecture notes, as this is not a research paper.
...
Read More
Read More
